How are static dissipative and conductive properties added to flooring?

Static control flooring differs from standard flooring. Unlike standard flooring, static control floors allow electricity to move across and through them. Regular flooring stores or holds electricity and generates static charges on the people who walk on it. Regular flooring cannot be grounded. Static control flooring dissipates or conducts electricity and other electrical currents to ground. Static control floors can be grounded.

Almost any type of flooring can be made into a conductive or static dissipative floor. The most common way to produce a static control floor is to add carbon or graphite to the standard flooring formula. Here are a few examples of how this is done:

Epoxy floors are made using liquid catalyst driven resins. Carbon particulate or carbon fibers are added to the epoxy while it is in liquid form. Depending on the percentage of the additive we can produce a highly conductive epoxy floor for explosives handling or if we add a slightly lower percentage of the additive we can create a static dissipative version.

Standard carpet tile is a static generator. If we wrap carbon loaded fibers around the exterior of the tile's nylon filaments, we can turn a static generating carpet into a static control floor. Depending on the type of carbon fiber and the design of the carpet tile, it is possible to control the ohms resistance of the tile and create either static dissipative or static conductive flooring. Since carpet tiles are rarely used in explosives handling operations (conductive flooring required), most carpet tile applications are for end user environments that require the static dissipative version.
This video provides an overview of static control flooring options: What is electro static discharge (ESD) Flooring?